- Fermi Energia applies for approval to begin spatial planning for a 600 MW nuclear plant in Estonia.
- The project follows six years of research, including 71 studies and €1.4 million investments.
- The plant will use the BWRX-300 small modular reactor, supporting Estonia’s carbon neutrality goal by 2050.
Fermi Energia has applied to Estonia’s Ministry of Economic Affairs to start the spatial planning process for a 600 MW nuclear power plant. This marks a significant step in the country’s energy transition.
The company spent six years researching the project, conducting 71 studies and collaborating with 32 organizations. Fermi Energia invested €1.4 million in technical studies and public engagement efforts. Over 500 residents attended 50 information sessions in 15 localities across the Virumaa region.
The municipal councils of Viru-Nigula and Lüganuse have already supported the project. Both councils approved their participation in the planning process in 2023 and 2024. The first phase of site pre-selection will occur between 2025 and 2027. This phase will focus on areas near Kunda and the village of Aa.
From 2027 to 2029, Fermi Energia will carry out detailed site studies. The studies will assess the technical suitability of the locations and analyse geographic factors. The company aims to submit a construction permit application by 2029. Construction should begin in 2031; the first reactor will likely become operational by 2035.
The plant will use the BWRX-300 small modular reactor (SMR) that GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy developed. This 300 MW reactor model features natural circulation and passive safety systems. It builds on the experience of the already-licensed ESBWR reactor design.
In 2024, Estonia’s parliament passed a resolution supporting nuclear energy. The resolution established a regulatory framework for nuclear power integration. This initiative aligns with Estonia’s broader strategy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Reducing reliance on fossil fuels and diversifying the energy mix are key goals.
Estonia’s electricity generation depends heavily on fossil fuels, especially oil shale. Nuclear energy provides a low-carbon alternative to meet growing energy demand. The project will help ensure competitive electricity prices while reducing carbon emissions.
Kalev Kallemets, CEO of Fermi Energia, said the spatial planning process is critical. It will help identify the best location for the plant, balancing technical needs with community interests. The project aims to improve grid stability, address long-term climate challenges, and contribute to Estonia’s energy diversification.
With this approval request, Fermi Energia takes a significant step toward making nuclear power a part of Estonia’s energy future. The company aims to provide a reliable, low-carbon energy source to help the country reduce its dependence on fossil fuels while contributing to its climate goals.