In July 2020, Nigeria had around 400,000 three-wheelers, commonly known as “keke” or “keke napep,” operating on its roads as a crucial means of commercial transport. This number was anticipated to rise to two million within a few years.
Now, more than three years later, it is likely that this figure has already exceeded its growing prevalence, underscoring the urgent need for Nigeria to consider shifting to electric three-wheelers.
The history of three-wheelers in Nigeria dates back to the early 1990s, but three-wheelers did not gain widespread traction until 2002. Initially introduced as a poverty alleviation initiative, the keke symbolised economic opportunity for many Nigerians. However, two decades later, this once-revolutionary means of transportation has become a less reliable lifeline for the underclass and middle class.
One need only look at recent events to understand the challenges facing keke operators and owners. When former President Olusegun Obasanjo celebrated his 85th birthday last year by distributing 85 tricycles and personally engaging in keke rides around his hometown of Abeokuta, Ogun State, it sparked criticism from figures like Omoyele Sowore.
Sowore, the then AAC presidential candidate, condemned the celebration of keke napep in 2022, arguing that Nigeria should advance towards cleaner, more efficient mass transit systems, such as intercity and intra-city trains powered by clean energy.
Recent developments in the energy sector underscore the urgency of this transition. Nigerian families who once relied on kerosene for cooking have turned to cooking gas, only to face soaring prices. This price volatility extends to the automotive sector, where many vehicle owners hesitate to switch to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) despite its lower initial cost than petrol.
The fear of future price hikes, potentially reaching ₦1,000 per kilogram or more, makes the prospect of converting vehicles to CNG a risky investment.
In light of these challenges, the case for electric tricycles becomes compelling. Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a sustainable alternative to traditional tricycles, promising reduced operational costs and a lower environmental impact.
Unlike CNG, which is susceptible to price fluctuations, electricity prices can be more stable and predictable. Moreover, adopting electric tricycles aligns with global trends towards cleaner energy and sustainable transportation solutions.
Notable Electric Three-Wheelers in Nigeria
In Nigeria, several electric three-wheelers have emerged as innovative solutions for sustainable transportation. Innoson Umudike is a pioneering model produced by Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing Company (IVM) in Umudike, Abia State. As a leading indigenous manufacturer, Innoson has been at the forefront of introducing electric vehicles to the Nigerian market. E-Trike by Micra, developed by the Nigerian company Micra, is gaining traction for its cost-effectiveness and suitability for short-distance travel, reflecting the growing interest in sustainable transport solutions. Additionally, the Electric Keke Napep, an adaptation of the traditional petrol-powered tricycle, is becoming increasingly prevalent in Nigerian cities, driven by the need for cleaner energy options.
Importance of Electric Three-Wheelers
The introduction of electric three-wheelers in Nigeria represents a significant advancement towards reducing transportation emissions and promoting sustainability. Unlike traditional fuel-powered three-wheelers, which rely on gasoline, diesel, or CNG, electric models produce zero tailpipe emissions, contributing to improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, electric three-wheelers offer lower running costs and require less maintenance due to fewer moving parts. However, their success hinges on the development of adequate charging infrastructure. By embracing electric three-wheelers, Nigeria is not only addressing environmental concerns but also enhancing local manufacturing capabilities and moving towards a more sustainable transportation future.
The Pathway Forward
This involves not just the introduction of electric tricycles but also supportive policies and infrastructure to facilitate their adoption. Investment in charging infrastructure, incentives for early adopters, and public awareness campaigns will ensure a smooth transition from traditional keke napep to their electric counterparts.
In conclusion, while the keke napep has served as a crucial economic lifeline for many Nigerians, its role as a sustainable transportation solution is increasingly questionable. Embracing electric tricycles represents a forward-looking approach that addresses financial and environmental challenges, paving the way for Nigeria’s transportation sector’s cleaner, more efficient future.